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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク List of national parks of England and Wales ： ウィキペディア英語版 List of national parks of England and Wales Within England and Wales there are 13 areas known as National Parks, each administered by its own National Park Authority, a special purpose local authority the role of which as set out in the Environment Act 1995 is: ''to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks.'' and ''to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the National Parks by the public.'' The National Park Authority for each park addresses these aims in partnership with other organisations, such as the National Trust. In cases where there may be conflict between the two purposes of designation, the first must take precedence under the Sandford Principle. The National Park authorities also have a duty to foster the economic and social wellbeing of communities in pursuit of these purposes.〔(Natural England - National Parks )〕 ==Legal designation== National Parks are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and must be confirmed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The 1949 Act came about after a prolonged campaign for public access to the countryside in the United Kingdom with its roots in the Industrial Revolution. The first 'freedom to roam' bill was introduced to Parliament in 1884 by James Bryce but it was not until 1931 that a government inquiry recommended the creation of a ‘National Park Authority’ to select areas for designation as National Parks. Despite the recommendation and continued lobbying and demonstrations of public discontent, such as the 1932 Kinder Scout mass trespass in the Peak District, nothing further was done until a 1945 White Paper on National Parks was produced as part of the Labour Party’s planned post-war reconstruction, leading in 1949 to the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act.〔(History of the National Parks - National Parks official site )〕 In England and Wales, as in Scotland, designation as a National Park means that the area has been identified as being of importance to the national heritage and as such is worthy of special protection and attention. Unlike the model adopted in many other countries, such as the USA and Germany, this does not mean the area is owned by the state. National Parks may include substantial settlements and human land uses which are often integral parts of the landscape, and within a National Park there are many landowners including public bodies and private individuals.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of national parks of England and Wales」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.